Smart sensors for IoT

EE-594

Media

EE-594 Smart Sensors for IoT

14, Lecture 14 (22 December)

04.01.2022, 13:27

13, Lecture 13 (15 December)

04.01.2022, 13:26

12, Lecture 12 (8 December)

15.12.2021, 10:21

11, Lecture 11 (1 December)

06.12.2021, 16:54

10, Lecture 10 (24 November)

30.11.2021, 16:52

9, Lecture 9 (17 November)

22.11.2021, 08:52

8, Lecture 8 (10 November)

16.11.2021, 10:28

7, Lecture 7 (3 November)

04.11.2021, 07:50

6, Lecture 6 (27 October)

27.10.2021, 16:32

5, Lecture 5 (20 October)

22.10.2021, 12:14

4, Lecture 4 (13 October)

18.10.2021, 10:53

3, Lecture 3 (6 October)

06.10.2021, 13:11

2, Lecture 2 (29 September)

01.10.2021, 14:29

1, Lecture 1 (22 September)

26.09.2021, 20:39


This file is part of the content downloaded from Smart sensors for IoT.
Course summary

Welcome to the course on Smart Sensors for the IoT


Summary

One of the basic function of an IoT node is to collect, process, store and eventually send the collected data to the cloud. Therefore, sensors and the related sensor interface are key components in the IoT node. Additionally, the IoT node is constrained to very limited space (or volume) and energy. Hence, the sensors and its related interface have to be highly miniaturized and very energy efficient.

This course starts with an introduction to the broad field of the IoT with a particular emphasis on the aspects that are relevant to sensing IoT nodes. It then focuses on the design of highly energy-efficient, integrated sensor interface, starting with modelling the most important sensors found for IoT applications. The various electronic circuits most appropriate to interface these sensors are then presented with a particular focus on power consumption and noise. The interface circuits include the front-end electronics and an analog signal conditioning circuit followed usually by and analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

Content

Part I (A.M. Ionescu) – 14 hours (2 x 7) – Energy efficient IoT sensors and technologies
1.    Introduction: wearable technology and energy efficient autonomous smart systems
2.    Low power sensor technology
  • Motion sensors: accelerometers, magnetometers, gyroscopes (MEMS solutions)
  • Biosignals and biosensors: ECG, EEG, EMG, EO, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, SpO2, pH, ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+), glucose, cortisol
  • Gas and particle sensors for air quality and breath analysis
  • Temperature sensors
  • Emerging 2D and 1D nanomaterials for sensing
3.    Energy efficient computing technologies for wearable applications:
  • Low power CMOS
  • Flexible electronics
4.    Heterogeneous integration: roadmaps and trends for wearables
  • Systems‐on‐flex: substrates and integration techniques
  • 3D heterogeneous integration
5.    Wearable energy harvesting technology:
  • Energy harvesting from motion
  • Energy harvesting from thermal gradients: thermo‐electrical‐generators (TEGs)
  • Energy harvesting from light in indoor and outdoor conditions
  • Energy storage and power management: super‐caps and thin film batteries.
6.    Context‐driven embodiments of wearable systems and related applications
  • Smart patches and stamps – state‐of‐the‐art, promises, challenges
  • Smart garments – state‐of‐the‐ art, promises, challenges
  • Smart watches, smart glasses: Apple, Google, Samsung versus others


Part II (C. Enz) – 14 hours (2 x 7) - Electronic sensor interface for the IoT
7.    Introduction to the IoT.
8.    Description and modeling of the most important sensors that are appropriate to the IoT from an energy consumption and noise perspective.
9.    General structure of an electronic sensor interface, including front-end electronics, signal conditioning and analog-to-digital converter (ADC).
10.    Basic front-end circuits for interfacing IoT sensors including their power and noise optimization.
11.    Low-power and low-noise signal condition circuits (amplifiers, filters, sample-and-hold).
12.    Low-power ADCs.
13.    Examples of sensor interface electronics.


These topics will be presented according to the schedule given below.

Program


Schedule and timing (Autumn semester, 2021)

Every Wednesday, Course: 9:15-11:00, Exercise Session: 11:15-12:00, in room INR 113. For those who are not able to attend in person, the lecture will be broadcasted via zoom and they can join using this zoom link. The lectures will also be recorded and the video can be accessed on SwitchTube. The links to the videos of individual lectures are given below.

Resources

Books
  1. Enabling the Internet of Things – From Integrated Circuits to Integrated Systems, Massimo Alioto, Editor, Springer 2017.
  2. J. Fraden, Handbook of Modern Sensors, 5th edition, Springer, 2016.
  3. R. Pallas-Areny, J. G. Webster, Sensors and Signal Conditioning, 2nd ed., Wiley, 2001.
  4. J. G. Webster, The Measurement, Instrumentation and Sensors Handbook, CRC Press, 1999.
  5. W. Bracke, R. Puers, C. van Hoof, Ultra Low Power Capacitive Sensor Interfaces, Springer, 2007.
  6. J. M. Fiore, Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, 3E.
  7. S. Franco, Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits, 4th edition, Mc Graw-Hill, 2015.
  8. Johan Huijsing, Operational Amplifiers, 3rd ed., Springer, 2017.
  9. Johan F. Witte, Dynamic Offset Compensated CMOS Amplifiers, Springer, 2009.

Lecture 1 (20 September)

Introduction to the IoT

Video recording:

Lecture 2 (27 September)

Sensor Classification and Characteristics (for home reading)

Contents:
  • Definitions and sensors classifications

  • Sensor characteristics

Noise in Devices and Circuits (Part 1)

Contents:
  • Introduction
  • Random signals and noise

  • Main noise sources of circuit components

Video recording:

Lecture 3 (04 October)

Inertial MEMS sensors, Introduction to Biosensors, ECG sensing

Video recording:

Lecture 4 (11 October)

Noise in Devices and Circuits

Contents:
  • Noise models of basic components

  • Noise calculation in continuous-time (CT) circuits

Video recording:

Lecture 5 (18 October)

Biosensors (I): Basics, EEC, SpO2, EMG, Bio ID

Video recording:

Lecture 6 (25 October)

Operational Amplifiers

Contents:
  • OPAMPs fundamentals
  • Basic OPAMPs configurations
  • OPAMPs non-idealities (bandwidth, CMRR, PSRR, offset, linearity, noise,…)
  • OPAMPs macro-models
  • Instrumentation amplifiers
  • RC-active filters

  • Operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs)

Video recording:

Lecture 7 (1 November)

Biosensors (II): Blood pressure, pH, ions, glucose

Video recording:

https://api.cast.switch.ch/p/113/sp/11300/playManifest/entryId/0_57lasppb/format/url/protocol/https/flavorParamIds/6,7/video.mp4

Lecture 8 (8 November)

Gas and particle sensors for air quality and breath analysis

Lecture 9 (15 November)

Noise and Offset Reduction Techniques

Contents:
  • The Autozero (AZ) technique

  • The Chopper Stabilization (CS) technique

Video recording:
Slides:

Lecture 10 (22 November)

Temperature sensors

Video recording:
Slides:

Lecture 11 (29 November)

Signal Conditioners and Capacitive Sensor Interface

Contents:
  • Signal conditioners for resistive sensors

  • Signal conditioners for capacitive sensors

Video recording:

Lecture 12 (7 December)

TBD


Lecture 13 (14 December)

Low-power ADCs for Sensor Interfaces

Contents:
  • SAR ADCs

  • Incremental ADCs

Zoom meeting link:
Video recording:
Slides:

Lecture 14 (21 December)

Energy harvesting

Video recording:

https://api.cast.switch.ch/p/113/sp/11300/playManifest/entryId/0_6oyr3acf/format/url/protocol/https/flavorParamIds/6,7/video.mp4

Slides:

Extra Material