Control systems + TP
ME-321
Welcome to Control Systems!
How to Get Help
There are a number of methods to interact with your colleagues, the professors and the TAs during the course:
Exercise / TP sessions
Help on the TPs, exercises, lectures, or general control discussion is available in person on Tuesdays from 15h - 17h in MED 21120 and MED 22524.
TP and exercise sessions can both also be done remotely (in-person is prefered of course), and TAs will be available online to support you via Ed Discussion during the TP sessions.
Recorded videos
All the lecture material has been pre-recorded and will be made available on Moodle below.
Ed Discussion
Post questions and answers using the Ed Discussion link below. The profs and TAs will monitor and respond through this platform too.
EmailYou can always contact us at colin.jones@epfl.ch or christophe.salzmann@epfl.ch if you want to discuss something, but please try and use Ed Discussion with priority so we can answer where others can benefit too.
Course Schedule
The schedule is given below week-by-week.
Explanations of the various activities:
Videos: Covered in the lecture
This material will be covered during the in-person live lectures on Tuesday morning. You can use these videos if you can't attend the lectures, or to review the material later on.
Videos: Review material
These are topics that you should already know, but this material can help you review if you are uncertain. This material will not be covered during the in-person lecture.
Exercises
Exercise sets aligned with the flow of the lectures.
TPs
TPs enabling you to try the various techniques developed on the experimental platforms in the teaching labs. These can be done in-person, or online.
Slides with a black font
If you're having trouble printing the slides with the grey font, then here's a copy with all the fonts set to black.
Week 1: Sept 9 - Sept 13
- Videos: Covered in class (Text and media area)
- Introduction to control (URL)
- Week 1: Slides (File)
- Week 1: Slides in 4up format (File)
- Administration (File)
- Videos: Review material (Text and media area)
- This week the videos are a review of previous cour... (Text and media area)
- Slides for review lectures (File)
- LTI Systems (URL)
- Impulse response (URL)
- Transfer Functions (URL)
- Closed-loop transfer functions (URL)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Set #1: Transfer functions (File)
Week 2: Sept 16 - Sept 20
For the following three weeks, we'll cover the first of three main control approaches that we'll study this term: PID. This is the simplest form of control, but also by far the most common and is present in every device everywhere.
- Videos covered in class (Text and media area)
- PID Introduction (URL)
- Intro example (URL)
- Matlab example (URL)
- Proportional control (URL)
- Slides for weeks 2-4 (File)
- Slides for weeks 2-4 in 4up format (File)
- Videos review material (Text and media area)
- Second order systems (review) (URL)
- ExercisesNo new exercises this week (Text and media area)
- TPsHands-on sessions (TPs) are handled via the EPF... (Text and media area)
- Introduction to the TP system (URL)
- TP Module 0: Introduction (URL)
- TP Module 1: System Modeling - Time domain (URL)
Week 3: Sept 23 - Sept 27
This week we continue on studying the theory of PID control by adding the integrator and the derivative terms.
- Videos: Covered in class (Text and media area)
- PI control (URL)
- PI control: Example (URL)
- Feedforward control (URL)
- Slides for feedforward control (File)
- Slides for feedforward control 4up (File)
- Anti windup (URL)
- PD control (URL)
- PD example (URL)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Set #2: PID (1) (File)
- TPs (Text and media area)
- TP module 3: Control Design - Feed forward and anti windup reset (URL)
- Matlab examples shown in class (Text and media area)
- matInClass (File)
Week 4: Sept 30 - Oct 4
This week we'll finish our study of the PID controller by looking a few methods of tuning the controller to achieve good performance.
- Videos: Covered in class (Text and media area)
- PID control (URL)
- Ziegler Nichols 1st Method (URL)
- Ziegler Nichols 2nd method (URL)
- Ziegler Nichols Summary (URL)
- Model matching (URL)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Set #3: PID (2) (File)
- TPs (Text and media area)
- TP Module 4: Control Design - Ziegler-Nichols (URL)
- TP Module 2: Model matching (PID TP) (URL)
Week 5: Oct 7 - Oct 11
This week we'll start our second approach to controller design: loop shaping. This is also a very commonly applied technique, and we'll study the basic, but commonly used, version of this. The advanced control course takes these ideas much further by looking at multi-dimensional optimal loop shaping techniques.
The idea of loopshaping is to modify the frequency response of our open-loop system to get good properties in our closed-loop system. Since everything here requires very good familiarity with the frequency domain, this first week we'll review the frequency response.
- Videos: Covered in class (Text and media area)
- Introduction : Frequency response (URL)
- Frequency response - the math (URL)
- Visualization - Bode + Nyquist + AFM (URL)
- Sketching Bode plots (URL)
- Slides : Frequency response (File)
- Slides: Frequency response 4up (File)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Set #5: Loopshaping (1) (File)
- TPs (Text and media area)
- TP Module 5: System modeling - Frequency domain (URL)
Week 6: Oct 14 - 18
This week we'll consider the concept of stability more carefully by developing the Nyquist criterion. This will lead us to the ability to be able to measure how far we are from becoming unstable, and therefore how wrong our model can be, or how different the world can be from what we think it is, and yet our controller still works.
- Videos: Covered in class (Text and media area)
- Introduction : Stability (URL)
- Nyquist criterion (URL)
- Nyquist examples (URL)
- Impact of integrators (URL)
- Simplified Nyquist criterion (URL)
- Summary (URL)
- Slides : Stability (File)
- Slides : Stability 4up (File)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Set #6: Loopshaping (2) (File)
Term break: Oct 21 - 25
Week 7: Oct 28 - Nov 1
This week we'll be studying robustness margins, which are measures that tell us how far our system is from becoming unstable. We care about this because the models we make of the world are always highly approximate, and the real world can be very different from what we expect.
Next week we'll move on to loopshaping techniques, where the goal will be to design frequency responses that trade robustness (i.e., being stable despite a changing world, or wrong model) against performance/aggressiveness of the conroller.
- Videos: Covered in class (Text and media area)
- Introduction (URL)
- Robustness margins (URL)
- Steady-state offsets (URL)
- Disturbance rejection (URL)
- Summary (URL)
- Slides : Robustness (File)
- Slides : Robustness 4up (File)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Set #7: Loopshaping (3) (File)
- TPs (Text and media area)
- TP Module 6: Robustness analysis (URL)
Week 8: Nov 4 - 8
This week we'll put together the tools we've learned so far and develop a procedure to modify the frequency response of our open-loop system to achieve good closed-loop behaviours.
- Videos: Covered in class (Text and media area)
- Introduction : Loop shaping (URL)
- Loop shaping goals (URL)
- Lead compensator (URL)
- Bode gain-phase relationship (URL)
- PD Control is a Lead Compensator (URL)
- Slides : Loop shaping (File)
- Slides : Loop shaping 4up (File)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Set #8: Loopshaping (4) (File)
Week 9: Nov 11 - 15
- Videos: Covered in class (Text and media area)
- Lag compensator (URL)
- Lead/lag compensators (URL)
- Example: AFM control (URL)
- Loopshaping summary (URL)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Set #9: Loopshaping (5) (File)
- TPs (Text and media area)
- TP Module 7: Loop shaping (URL)
Week 10: Nov 18 - 22
This week we'll start studying the third class of control techniques covered in the course: state-space design approaches.
- Videos: Covered in class (Text and media area)
- Introduction (URL)
- Dynamic response (URL)
- Control canonical form (URL)
- Control design (URL)
- Controllability (URL)
- Slides : State feedback (File)
- Slides : State feedback 4up (File)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Set #10: State space (1) (File)
Week 11: Nov 25 - 29
This week we will first finish the segment on state-feedback control design, before moving onto the second topic in state-space design, that of state estimation.
- Videos: Covered in class (Text and media area)
- Reference tracking (URL)
- Pole locations (URL)
- Introduction: State estimation (URL)
- Slides : State estimation (File)
- Slides : State estimation 4up (File)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Set #11: State space (2) (File)
Week 12: Dec 2 - 6
- Videos: Covered in class (Text and media area)
- Combining control and estimation (URL)
- Adding a reference (URL)
- Integrators (URL)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Set 12: State space (3) (File)
Week 13: Dec 9 - 13
In this last week, we'll have a brief look at another very common method of control linear quadratic regulation. From one perspective, this is just another method of pole placement, but it has a very different twist to it. As a form of "optimal" control, we specify the type of behaviour that we would like to see at a higher level, and then leave the optimizer to find us the best controller to achieve it. This is a philosophy that is common in many more advanced forms of control, and one that you will see in your future control classes.
- Videos: Covered in class (Text and media area)
- Introduction: LQR (URL)
- Motivation (URL)
- LQR theory (URL)
- Examples (URL)
- Slides : LQR (File)
- Slides : LQR 4up (File)
- Matlab example from class (File)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Set #13: LQR (File)
Week 14: Dec 16 - 20
This week we will make a brief introduction to controller deployment - how to go from paper to hardware.
- Introduction (URL)
- Discrete time (URL)
- Sampling and Quantization (URL)
- Discretization (URL)
- Example (URL)
- Discretization (File)
- Discretization 4up (File)
- PID implementation (File)
- PID Implementation 4up (File)
- Exercises (Text and media area)
- Discretization exercise (Page)
- TP (beta) (Text and media area)
- TP Module 8: Implementation (beta) (URL)
- Instructions for TP Module 8.r3 (File)
- Previous unseen TPs + Exos (they were hidden in we... (Text and media area)
- Set #4: PID (3) (File)
Exercise Set Solutions
- Set 1: Transfer functions [solutions] (File)
- Set 2: PID (1) [solutions] (File)
- Set 3: PID (2) [solutions] (File)
- Set 4: PID (3) [solutions] (File)
- Set 5: Loopshaping (1) [solutions] (File)
- Set 6: Loopshaping (2) [solutions] (File)
- Set 7: Loopshaping (3) [solutions] (File)
- Set 8: Loopshaping (4) [solutions] (File)
- Set 9: Loopshaping (5) (File)
- Set 10: State space (1) [solutions] (File)
- Set 11: State space (2) [solutions] (File)
- Set 12: State space (3) [solutions] (File)
- Set 13: LQR [solutions] (File)
- Discretization with Matlab [solutions] (File)
Exercise sets
Each week you have written / matlab exercises to do. These are interspersed with the lectures and TPs and are given on the MOOC platform.
The full set of questions and their solutions are given here below. (Only the questions are on the MOOC platform).
Exam
- The exam is closed-book and closed-notes
- You may bring one sheet, double-sided, with anything you like written on it. Hand written, typed, printed anything that fits on two sides of an A4 sheet.
- You may bring a non-graphing calculator
- The information on the sheet below will be included in the exam: https://moodle.epfl.ch/mod/resource/view.php?id=1008003
- MOOC-TP sample questions (File)
- Video - How to tackle exam questions related to the MOOC-TP (File)
- Cheat Sheet that will be provided for the exam (File)
- CS 2017 final (File)
- Video Exam CS 2017 - Q1 (File)
- Video Exam CS 2017 - Q2 (File)
- Video Exam CS 2017 - Q3 (File)
- Video Exam CS 2017 - Q4 (File)
- Video Exam CS 2017 - Q5 (File)
- Video Exam CS 2017 - Q6 (File)
- CS 2018 final (File)
Study Material
Lectures
The lectures are all pre-recorded and are available on the MOOC platform. Please follow the schedule indicated above to keep up with the course.
The slides used are all available below.