Contents

RAPTOR Exercise 1: Ramp-up current diffusion with varying heating

In this exercise you will test the effect of differently timed heating during a plasma current ramp.

First we set up the RAPTOR simulation.

clear
addpath(fullfile(pwd,'..','RAPTOR_code'),'-end'); % add RAPTOR path
%
% load the default parameters,
[~,params] = RAPTOR_config; % load default params
params.grid.tgrid = [0:1e-3:0.2];
[model,params] = RAPTOR_config(params); % generate model structure for these params.
params.dispopts.iterdisp = 10; % display every 10

% Plasma current ramp
rampfun = @(t,tmin,ymin,tmax,ymax) max(ymin,min((ymax-ymin)/(tmax-tmin)*(t-tmin),ymax-ymin)+ymin); % anonymous function for ramps

U(1,:) = rampfun(params.grid.tgrid,0,80e3,0.1,250e3); % input Ip trace
U(2,:) = zeros(size(U(1,:))); % placeholder, will replace this with heating later.
U(3,:) = zeros(size(U(1,:))); % placeholder, will replace this with heating later.

% initial conditions
[x0,g0,v0] = RAPTOR_initial_conditions(U(1),model,params); % Define the initial condition

% Add one central heating actuator
params.hcd = RAPTOR_hcd({@ECRH_ECCD}); % ECRH_ECCD module passed as function handle

params.hcd.ECRH_ECCD.params.rdep = [0 0.4]; % One central heating actuator
params.hcd.ECRH_ECCD.params.wdep = [0.35 0.35];  % wdep =0.35
params.hcd.ECRH_ECCD.params.cd_eff = [0 1];  % current drive efficiency factor: pure ECH for first, co-ECCD for second
params.hcd.ECRH_ECCD.params.uindices = [2 3]; % index of power for each actuator in input vector
% Nominal simulation (no heating)
simres{1} = RAPTOR_predictive(x0,g0,v0,U,model,params);
out{1} = RAPTOR_out(simres{1},model,params);
qmin = out{1}.qmin;
Scaling Te initial condition to match edge value (50)
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
      1   0.056    6 1.6e-11       0       1    0.08       0   0.025  0.0554      16     7.5     9.3 6.3e+00    0.59    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.1e+01 
     11    0.33    3 3.7e-11      10       1   0.097       0  0.0105  0.0866      13     2.3     2.3 4.4e+00    0.41    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.1e+01 
     21    0.53    2 4.8e-10      20       1   0.114       0 0.00945   0.105      11     1.5     1.5 3.9e+00    0.57    1.00    0.00    0.00 8.9e+00 
     31     0.7    2 7.5e-11      30       1   0.131       0 0.00882   0.122     9.7     1.2     1.2 3.5e+00    0.71    1.00    0.00    0.00 8.1e+00 
     41    0.88    2 1.2e-10      40       1   0.148       0 0.00839    0.14     8.6       1       1 3.3e+00    0.83    1.00    0.00    0.00 7.6e+00 
     51     1.1    2 2.5e-11      50       1   0.165       0 0.00807   0.157     7.7    0.92    0.92 3.1e+00    0.95    1.00    0.00    0.00 7.3e+00 
     61     1.3    2 4.7e-11      60       1   0.182       0 0.00782   0.174       7    0.83    0.83 3.0e+00    1.07    1.00    0.00    0.00 7.1e+00 
     71     1.5    2 4.8e-11      70       1   0.199       0 0.00763   0.191     6.4    0.76    0.76 2.8e+00    1.18    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.9e+00 
     81       2    2 2.4e-11      80       1   0.216       0 0.00747   0.209     5.9    0.71    0.71 2.7e+00    1.28    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.7e+00 
     91     2.2    2 4.5e-11      90       1   0.233       0 0.00734   0.226     5.5    0.67    0.67 2.6e+00    1.39    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.6e+00 
    101     2.6    2 1.4e-10   1e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00724   0.243     5.1    0.63    0.63 2.5e+00    1.49    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.5e+00 
    111     2.8    2 3.9e-10 1.1e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00718   0.243     5.1     0.6     0.6 1.8e+00    1.58    1.00    0.00    0.00 4.4e+00 
    121     3.1    2 9.2e-11 1.2e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00712   0.243     5.1    0.57    0.57 1.7e+00    1.66    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.8e+00 
    131     3.3    2 3.4e-11 1.3e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00706   0.243     5.1    0.54    0.54 1.6e+00    1.72    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.4e+00 
    141     3.5    2 7.7e-11 1.4e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00701   0.243     5.1    0.51    0.51 1.5e+00    1.77    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.0e+00 
    151     3.6    2 3.9e-11 1.5e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00696   0.243     5.1    0.49    0.49 1.5e+00    1.82    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.7e+00 
    161     3.8    2 4.1e-11 1.6e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00693   0.243     5.1    0.46    0.46 1.4e+00    1.86    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.4e+00 
    171     4.1    2 5.6e-11 1.7e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00689   0.243     5.1    0.45    0.45 1.4e+00    1.90    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.1e+00 
    181     4.3    2 5.3e-11 1.8e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00686   0.243     5.1    0.43    0.43 1.3e+00    1.93    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.9e+00 
    191     4.5    2 5.3e-11 1.9e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00684   0.243     5.1    0.41    0.41 1.3e+00    1.96    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.6e+00 
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
    201     4.6    2 8.5e-11   2e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00682   0.243     5.1     0.4     0.4 1.3e+00    1.98    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.5e+00 

EXERCISES

  1. By varying U(1,:), investigate the effect of different plasma current ramp rates on the speed of penetration of inductive current, the evolution of the loop voltage profile U_{pl}, and the q profile.
  2. Returning to the original Ip time trace, now use U(2,:) to add 1MW of central heating at different times during the ramp-up. As starting times, choose. Examine the effect on the T_e q and jpar profiles and explain the results.
  3. Use U(3,:) to add 2MW of off-axis current drive at different times.
  4. Find a combination of timing for heating and current drive to keep qmin above 1 for all times of the simulation.

SOLUTION 1

tflattopgrid = [0.01:0.05:0.11];
cgrid = {'b','r','k','m'};
clf;

for ii=1:numel(tflattopgrid)
tflattop = tflattopgrid(ii);
U(1,:) = rampfun(params.grid.tgrid,0,80e3,tflattop,250e3); % input Ip trace
simres{ii} = RAPTOR_predictive(x0,g0,v0,U,model,params); % run sim
out{ii} = RAPTOR_out(simres{ii},model,params); % get outputs

itplot = 1:2:40; % times to plot
subplot(3,3,(ii-1)+1);
plot(out{ii}.rho,out{ii}.jpar(:,itplot)/1e6,cgrid{ii}); hold on;
ylabel('j_{||} [MA/m^2]')
title(sprintf('t_{flattop}=%3.0f[ms]',tflattop*1e3));
subplot(3,3,(ii-1)+4);
plot(out{ii}.rho,out{ii}.q(:,itplot),cgrid{ii}); hold on;
ylabel('q [MA/m^2]')
subplot(3,3,(ii-1)+7);
plot(out{ii}.rho,out{ii}.Upl(:,itplot),cgrid{ii}); hold on;
ylabel('U_{pl} [V]')

drawnow
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
      1   0.089    6 1.6e-11       0       1    0.08       0   0.025  0.0554      16     7.5     9.3 6.3e+00    0.59    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.1e+01 
     11    0.41    3 3.9e-11      10       1    0.25       0  0.0099    0.24     5.1       3     3.5 7.5e+00    0.65    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.5e+01 
     21    0.68    3 4.6e-11      20       1    0.25       0  0.0101    0.24     5.1       2     2.8 3.2e+00    1.04    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.4e+01 
     31    0.91    3 1.8e-11      30       1    0.25       0 0.00902   0.241     5.1     1.6     2.1 2.6e+00    1.18    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.1e+01 
     41     1.1    2 7.4e-10      40       1    0.25       0 0.00822   0.242     5.1     1.4     1.6 2.3e+00    1.27    1.00    0.00    0.00 8.8e+00 
     51     1.3    2 1.3e-10      50       1    0.25       0 0.00779   0.242     5.1     1.2     1.2 2.1e+00    1.35    1.00    0.00    0.00 7.3e+00 
     61     1.4    2 4.0e-11      60       1    0.25       0 0.00753   0.243     5.1    0.93    0.93 2.0e+00    1.44    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.2e+00 
     71     1.6    2 7.9e-11      70       1    0.25       0 0.00736   0.243     5.1    0.79    0.79 1.8e+00    1.52    1.00    0.00    0.00 5.3e+00 
     81     1.8    2 2.8e-11      80       1    0.25       0 0.00724   0.243     5.1    0.69    0.69 1.7e+00    1.59    1.00    0.00    0.00 4.6e+00 
     91       2    2 7.9e-11      90       1    0.25       0 0.00715   0.243     5.1    0.62    0.62 1.6e+00    1.66    1.00    0.00    0.00 4.0e+00 
    101     2.1    2 9.1e-11   1e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00708   0.243     5.1    0.57    0.57 1.6e+00    1.72    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.5e+00 
    111     2.3    2 1.0e-10 1.1e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00702   0.243     5.1    0.53    0.53 1.5e+00    1.77    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.1e+00 
    121     2.5    2 5.9e-11 1.2e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00697   0.243     5.1     0.5     0.5 1.5e+00    1.81    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.7e+00 
    131     2.6    2 6.0e-11 1.3e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00693   0.243     5.1    0.47    0.47 1.4e+00    1.86    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.4e+00 
    141     2.8    2 6.4e-11 1.4e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0069   0.243     5.1    0.45    0.45 1.4e+00    1.89    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.1e+00 
    151     2.9    2 3.4e-11 1.5e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00687   0.243     5.1    0.43    0.43 1.3e+00    1.93    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.9e+00 
    161     3.1    2 3.5e-11 1.6e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00684   0.243     5.1    0.42    0.42 1.3e+00    1.95    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.7e+00 
    171     3.3    2 4.0e-11 1.7e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00682   0.243     5.1     0.4     0.4 1.3e+00    1.98    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.5e+00 
    181     3.4    2 2.9e-11 1.8e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0068   0.243     5.1    0.39    0.39 1.3e+00    2.00    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.3e+00 
    191     3.6    2 1.2e-10 1.9e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00679   0.243     5.1    0.38    0.38 1.2e+00    2.02    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.2e+00 
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
    201     3.8    2 5.1e-11   2e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00677   0.243     5.1    0.38    0.38 1.2e+00    2.04    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.0e+00 
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
      1    0.06    6 1.6e-11       0       1    0.08       0   0.025  0.0554      16     7.5     9.3 6.3e+00    0.59    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.1e+01 
     11    0.62    3 2.1e-11      10       1   0.108       0  0.0102  0.0982      12     2.4     2.4 4.9e+00    0.43    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.3e+01 
     21    0.77    2 9.6e-10      20       1   0.137       0 0.00906   0.128     9.3     1.6     1.6 4.3e+00    0.62    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.2e+01 
     31    0.92    2 2.3e-10      30       1   0.165       0 0.00842   0.157     7.7     1.3     1.3 3.9e+00    0.79    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.1e+01 
     41     1.1    2 8.5e-11      40       1   0.193       0 0.00801   0.185     6.6     1.1     1.1 3.6e+00    0.95    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.0e+01 
     51     1.2    2 3.8e-11      50       1   0.222       0 0.00774   0.214     5.7    0.95    0.95 3.4e+00    1.11    1.00    0.00    0.00 9.9e+00 
     61     1.7    2 6.1e-11      60       1    0.25       0 0.00755   0.242     5.1    0.86    0.86 3.2e+00    1.26    1.00    0.00    0.00 9.6e+00 
     71     1.9    2 2.7e-09      70       1    0.25       0 0.00746   0.243     5.1    0.79    0.79 2.2e+00    1.38    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.1e+00 
     81     2.1    2 2.0e-10      80       1    0.25       0 0.00735   0.243     5.1    0.73    0.73 1.9e+00    1.48    1.00    0.00    0.00 5.3e+00 
     91     2.3    2 4.9e-11      90       1    0.25       0 0.00725   0.243     5.1    0.67    0.67 1.8e+00    1.57    1.00    0.00    0.00 4.6e+00 
    101     2.4    2 2.0e-11   1e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00716   0.243     5.1    0.62    0.62 1.7e+00    1.64    1.00    0.00    0.00 4.1e+00 
    111     2.6    2 3.1e-11 1.1e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00709   0.243     5.1    0.57    0.57 1.6e+00    1.70    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.6e+00 
    121     2.7    2 3.0e-11 1.2e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00703   0.243     5.1    0.53    0.53 1.5e+00    1.75    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.2e+00 
    131     2.9    2 5.4e-11 1.3e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00698   0.243     5.1     0.5     0.5 1.5e+00    1.80    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.8e+00 
    141     3.1    2 7.0e-11 1.4e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00694   0.243     5.1    0.48    0.48 1.4e+00    1.84    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.5e+00 
    151     3.3    2 7.1e-11 1.5e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0069   0.243     5.1    0.45    0.45 1.4e+00    1.88    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.2e+00 
    161     3.4    2 9.0e-11 1.6e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00687   0.243     5.1    0.44    0.44 1.4e+00    1.92    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.9e+00 
    171     3.6    2 2.8e-11 1.7e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00685   0.243     5.1    0.42    0.42 1.3e+00    1.95    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.7e+00 
    181     3.8    2 3.4e-11 1.8e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00683   0.243     5.1    0.41    0.41 1.3e+00    1.97    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.5e+00 
    191     3.9    2 9.2e-11 1.9e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00681   0.243     5.1     0.4     0.4 1.3e+00    2.00    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.4e+00 
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
    201     4.1    2 5.0e-11   2e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00679   0.243     5.1    0.39    0.39 1.3e+00    2.02    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.2e+00 
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
      1   0.058    6 1.6e-11       0       1    0.08       0   0.025  0.0554      16     7.5     9.3 6.3e+00    0.59    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.1e+01 
     11    0.44    3 1.4e-11      10       1  0.0954       0  0.0106   0.085      13     2.3     2.3 4.4e+00    0.41    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.0e+01 
     21    0.78    2 4.7e-10      20       1   0.111       0 0.00953   0.101      11     1.5     1.5 3.8e+00    0.56    1.00    0.00    0.00 8.4e+00 
     31    0.95    2 6.9e-11      30       1   0.126       0  0.0089   0.118      10     1.2     1.2 3.5e+00    0.69    1.00    0.00    0.00 7.6e+00 
     41     1.1    2 9.5e-11      40       1   0.142       0 0.00847   0.133       9       1       1 3.2e+00    0.81    1.00    0.00    0.00 7.2e+00 
     51     1.3    2 6.9e-11      50       1   0.157       0 0.00815   0.149     8.1    0.92    0.92 3.1e+00    0.93    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.9e+00 
     61     1.4    2 7.2e-11      60       1   0.173       0 0.00789   0.165     7.4    0.83    0.83 2.9e+00    1.03    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.7e+00 
     71     1.6    2 2.4e-11      70       1   0.188       0 0.00769   0.181     6.8    0.76    0.76 2.8e+00    1.14    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.5e+00 
     81     1.8    2 2.3e-11      80       1   0.204       0 0.00753   0.196     6.2    0.71    0.71 2.7e+00    1.24    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.3e+00 
     91       2    2 4.1e-11      90       1   0.219       0  0.0074   0.212     5.8    0.67    0.67 2.6e+00    1.34    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.2e+00 
    101     2.1    2 8.3e-11   1e+02       1   0.235       0 0.00729   0.227     5.4    0.63    0.63 2.5e+00    1.44    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.1e+00 
    111     2.3    2 7.9e-11 1.1e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00719   0.243     5.1     0.6     0.6 2.4e+00    1.53    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.0e+00 
    121     2.4    2 2.7e-10 1.2e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00714   0.243     5.1    0.57    0.57 1.8e+00    1.62    1.00    0.00    0.00 4.1e+00 
    131     2.6    2 2.3e-11 1.3e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00708   0.243     5.1    0.55    0.55 1.7e+00    1.69    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.5e+00 
    141     2.8    2 2.2e-11 1.4e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00703   0.243     5.1    0.52    0.52 1.6e+00    1.74    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.1e+00 
    151     2.9    2 5.7e-11 1.5e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00698   0.243     5.1     0.5     0.5 1.5e+00    1.80    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.8e+00 
    161     3.1    2 1.2e-10 1.6e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00694   0.243     5.1    0.47    0.47 1.4e+00    1.84    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.5e+00 
    171     3.3    2 5.4e-11 1.7e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00691   0.243     5.1    0.45    0.45 1.4e+00    1.88    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.2e+00 
    181     3.4    2 1.4e-11 1.8e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00688   0.243     5.1    0.44    0.44 1.4e+00    1.91    1.00    0.00    0.00 2.0e+00 
    191     3.6    2 5.9e-11 1.9e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00685   0.243     5.1    0.42    0.42 1.3e+00    1.94    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.7e+00 
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
    201     3.7    2 8.0e-11   2e+02       1    0.25       0 0.00683   0.243     5.1    0.41    0.41 1.3e+00    1.97    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.5e+00 
end

The fastest ramp rate (t_{flattop}=10ms) leads to a non-monotinic current density profile and flatter, or more reversed, q profiles. This can lead to transport barriers. In reality, the ramp rate is limited by MHD modes which can appear, especially for very steep current density profiles.

SOLUTION 2

clf;
% Back to default Ip trace
U(1,:) = rampfun(params.grid.tgrid,0,80e3,0.1,250e3); % input Ip trace

tstartgrid = [0.01:0.03:0.09];
for ii=1:numel(tstartgrid);
    tstart = tstartgrid(ii);
    U(2,:) = rampfun(params.grid.tgrid,tstart,0,tstart+1e-3,1e6);
    simres{ii} = RAPTOR_predictive(x0,g0,v0,U,model,params);
    out{ii} = RAPTOR_out(simres{ii},model,params);

    itplot = 1:2:40; % times to plot
    subplot(3,3,(ii-1)+1);
    plot(out{ii}.rho,out{ii}.jpar(:,itplot)/1e6,cgrid{ii}); hold on;
    ylabel('j_{||} [MA/m^2]')
    title(sprintf('t_{flattop}=%3.0f[ms]',tflattop*1e3));
    subplot(3,3,(ii-1)+4);
    plot(out{ii}.rho,out{ii}.q(:,itplot),cgrid{ii}); hold on;
    ylabel('q [MA/m^2]')
    subplot(3,3,(ii-1)+7);
    plot(out{ii}.rho,out{ii}.te(:,itplot),cgrid{ii}); hold on;
    ylabel('T_e [eV]')
end
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
      1   0.073    6 1.6e-11       0       1    0.08       0   0.025  0.0554      16     7.5     9.3 6.3e+00    0.59    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.1e+01 
     11    0.69    3 3.7e-11      10       1   0.097       0  0.0105  0.0866      13     2.3     2.3 4.4e+00    0.41    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.1e+01 
     21    0.96    2 4.9e-09      20       1   0.114       0  0.0481  0.0671      11     2.6     2.8 1.2e+00    6.33    1.00    0.00    0.00 5.3e+00 
     31     1.1    2 2.0e-11      30       1   0.131       0  0.0512  0.0812     9.7     2.4     3.3 1.2e+00    7.46    1.00    0.00    0.00 5.4e+00 
     41     1.3    2 1.0e-10      40       1   0.148       0  0.0535  0.0959     8.6     2.2     3.7 1.2e+00    8.51    1.00    0.00    0.00 5.4e+00 
     51     1.4    2 3.3e-11      50       1   0.165       0  0.0549   0.112     7.7       2       4 1.2e+00    9.38    1.00    0.00    0.00 5.3e+00 
     61     1.6    2 1.5e-11      60       1   0.182       0  0.0556   0.128       7     1.8     4.1 1.2e+00   10.13    1.00    0.00    0.01 5.3e+00 
     71     1.8    2 1.8e-11      70       1   0.199       0  0.0559   0.145     6.4     1.7     4.1 1.1e+00   10.82    1.00    0.00    0.01 5.2e+00 
     81     1.9    2 1.5e-11      80       1   0.216       0  0.0562   0.161     5.9     1.6     4.1 1.1e+00   11.48    1.00    0.00    0.01 5.2e+00 
     91     2.1    2 5.4e-11      90       1   0.233       0  0.0565   0.178     5.5     1.5     4.2 1.1e+00   12.14    1.00    0.00    0.01 5.2e+00 
    101     2.3    2 3.5e-11   1e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0567   0.195     5.1     1.5     4.4 1.1e+00   12.79    1.00    0.00    0.01 5.1e+00 
    111     2.4    2 1.4e-10 1.1e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0569   0.195     5.1     1.4     4.6 6.5e-01   13.40    1.00    0.00    0.01 3.4e+00 
    121     2.6    2 4.3e-11 1.2e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0569   0.195     5.1     1.3     4.8 5.4e-01   13.96    1.00    0.00    0.01 2.9e+00 
    131     2.8    2 1.3e-10 1.3e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0569   0.195     5.1     1.3     5.1 4.8e-01   14.48    1.00    0.00    0.01 2.6e+00 
    141       3    2 7.0e-11 1.4e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0566   0.195     5.1     1.2     5.3 4.4e-01   14.93    1.00    0.00    0.01 2.4e+00 
    151     3.1    2 5.1e-11 1.5e+02       1    0.25       0   0.056   0.196     5.1     1.1     5.4 4.0e-01   15.29    1.00    0.00    0.01 2.3e+00 
    161     3.3    2 4.3e-11 1.6e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0551   0.196     5.1     1.1     5.6 3.7e-01   15.51    1.00    0.00    0.01 2.1e+00 
    171     3.5    2 3.5e-11 1.7e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0539   0.198     5.1     1.1     5.9 3.5e-01   15.60    1.00    0.00    0.01 2.0e+00 
    181     3.7    2 4.4e-11 1.8e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0524   0.199     5.1       1     6.3 3.3e-01   15.60    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.9e+00 
    191     3.8    2 2.3e-11 1.9e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0509   0.201     5.1    0.98     6.8 3.1e-01   15.54    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.8e+00 
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
    201       4    2 5.5e-11   2e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0494   0.202     5.1    0.94     7.4 3.0e-01   15.43    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.7e+00 
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
      1    0.05    6 1.6e-11       0       1    0.08       0   0.025  0.0554      16     7.5     9.3 6.3e+00    0.59    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.1e+01 
     11    0.35    3 3.7e-11      10       1   0.097       0  0.0105  0.0866      13     2.3     2.3 4.4e+00    0.41    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.1e+01 
     21    0.59    2 4.8e-10      20       1   0.114       0 0.00945   0.105      11     1.5     1.5 3.9e+00    0.57    1.00    0.00    0.00 8.9e+00 
     31    0.76    2 7.5e-11      30       1   0.131       0 0.00882   0.122     9.7     1.2     1.2 3.5e+00    0.71    1.00    0.00    0.00 8.1e+00 
     41    0.96    2 6.4e-11      40       1   0.148       0 0.00839    0.14     8.6       1       1 3.3e+00    0.83    1.00    0.00    0.00 7.6e+00 
     51     1.3    3 1.1e-10      50       1   0.165       0  0.0338   0.132     7.7       1       1 1.0e+00    7.96    1.00    0.00    0.00 4.5e+00 
     61     1.5    2 1.2e-10      60       1   0.182       0  0.0346   0.148       7     1.1     1.1 1.0e+00    8.50    1.00    0.00    0.00 4.6e+00 
     71     1.7    2 4.3e-11      70       1   0.199       0  0.0346   0.165     6.4     1.1     1.1 1.1e+00    8.88    1.00    0.00    0.01 4.8e+00 
     81       2    2 6.0e-11      80       1   0.216       0  0.0348   0.182     5.9     1.1     1.1 1.1e+00    9.28    1.00    0.00    0.01 4.8e+00 
     91     2.2    2 1.0e-10      90       1   0.233       0  0.0349   0.199     5.5     1.1     1.1 1.1e+00    9.69    1.00    0.00    0.01 4.8e+00 
    101     2.3    2 1.2e-10   1e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0352   0.216     5.1     1.1     1.1 1.1e+00   10.13    1.00    0.00    0.01 4.9e+00 
    111     2.5    2 1.7e-10 1.1e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0354   0.215     5.1     1.1     1.1 6.1e-01   10.55    1.00    0.00    0.01 3.0e+00 
    121     2.9    2 3.8e-11 1.2e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0356   0.215     5.1     1.1     1.1 5.1e-01   10.93    1.00    0.00    0.01 2.6e+00 
    131     3.1    2 5.1e-11 1.3e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0358   0.215     5.1     1.1     1.1 4.6e-01   11.30    1.00    0.00    0.01 2.3e+00 
    141     3.3    2 3.1e-11 1.4e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0359   0.215     5.1     1.1     1.1 4.1e-01   11.65    1.00    0.00    0.01 2.1e+00 
    151     3.6    2 1.4e-10 1.5e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0359   0.215     5.1       1       1 3.8e-01   11.98    1.00    0.00    0.01 2.0e+00 
    161     3.7    2 6.8e-11 1.6e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0359   0.215     5.1       1       1 3.6e-01   12.28    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.9e+00 
    171     3.9    2 4.8e-11 1.7e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0358   0.215     5.1    0.98       1 3.4e-01   12.54    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.7e+00 
    181     4.1    2 1.0e-10 1.8e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0357   0.215     5.1    0.95       1 3.2e-01   12.76    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.6e+00 
    191     4.2    2 1.2e-10 1.9e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0354   0.215     5.1    0.92       1 3.0e-01   12.93    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.6e+00 
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
    201     4.4    2 6.8e-11   2e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0351   0.216     5.1     0.9       1 2.9e-01   13.07    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.5e+00 
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
      1    0.05    6 1.6e-11       0       1    0.08       0   0.025  0.0554      16     7.5     9.3 6.3e+00    0.59    1.00    0.00    0.00 3.1e+01 
     11    0.34    3 3.7e-11      10       1   0.097       0  0.0105  0.0866      13     2.3     2.3 4.4e+00    0.41    1.00    0.00    0.00 1.1e+01 
     21    0.53    2 4.8e-10      20       1   0.114       0 0.00945   0.105      11     1.5     1.5 3.9e+00    0.57    1.00    0.00    0.00 8.9e+00 
     31    0.73    2 7.5e-11      30       1   0.131       0 0.00882   0.122     9.7     1.2     1.2 3.5e+00    0.71    1.00    0.00    0.00 8.1e+00 
     41    0.91    2 1.2e-10      40       1   0.148       0 0.00839    0.14     8.6       1       1 3.3e+00    0.83    1.00    0.00    0.00 7.6e+00 
     51     1.1    2 2.5e-11      50       1   0.165       0 0.00807   0.157     7.7    0.92    0.92 3.1e+00    0.95    1.00    0.00    0.00 7.3e+00 
     61     1.3    2 4.7e-11      60       1   0.182       0 0.00782   0.174       7    0.83    0.83 3.0e+00    1.07    1.00    0.00    0.00 7.1e+00 
     71     1.5    2 3.8e-11      70       1   0.199       0 0.00763   0.191     6.4    0.76    0.76 2.8e+00    1.18    1.00    0.00    0.00 6.9e+00 
     81     1.8    3 4.3e-11      80       1   0.216       0  0.0299   0.187     5.9    0.76    0.76 9.7e-01    9.43    1.00    0.00    0.01 4.2e+00 
     91     2.1    2 5.0e-11      90       1   0.233       0  0.0312   0.202     5.5    0.76    0.76 9.7e-01   10.11    1.00    0.00    0.01 4.3e+00 
    101     2.3    2 5.9e-11   1e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0313   0.219     5.1    0.76    0.76 1.0e+00   10.43    1.00    0.00    0.01 4.5e+00 
    111     2.5    2 1.4e-10 1.1e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0313   0.219     5.1    0.76    0.76 5.4e-01   10.71    1.00    0.00    0.01 2.6e+00 
    121     2.6    2 3.5e-11 1.2e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0313   0.219     5.1    0.76    0.76 4.5e-01   10.96    1.00    0.00    0.01 2.2e+00 
    131     2.8    2 1.4e-10 1.3e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0313   0.219     5.1    0.76    0.76 4.0e-01   11.18    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.9e+00 
    141       3    2 5.9e-11 1.4e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0313   0.219     5.1    0.76    0.76 3.7e-01   11.39    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.8e+00 
    151     3.1    2 9.9e-11 1.5e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0312   0.219     5.1    0.75    0.75 3.4e-01   11.59    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.6e+00 
    161     3.3    2 1.0e-10 1.6e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0312   0.219     5.1    0.75    0.75 3.2e-01   11.78    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.5e+00 
    171     3.5    2 1.5e-10 1.7e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0311    0.22     5.1    0.75    0.75 3.0e-01   11.95    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.5e+00 
    181     3.6    2 6.2e-11 1.8e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0309    0.22     5.1    0.75    0.75 2.9e-01   12.10    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.4e+00 
    191     3.8    2 1.6e-10 1.9e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0308    0.22     5.1    0.75    0.75 2.7e-01   12.23    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.3e+00 
  istep  telaps newt     res   t[ms]  dt[ms]  Ip[MA] Icd[MA] Ibs[MA] Ioh[MA]      qe    qmin      q0   Vl[V] Te0[keV] ne0[e19]  Wi[MJ] We[MJ]  f_ss  
    201       4    2 8.1e-11   2e+02       1    0.25       0  0.0306    0.22     5.1    0.74    0.74 2.6e-01   12.35    1.00    0.00    0.01 1.3e+00 

Turning on the heating very early creates a transport barrier which much higher temperature than the other cases, with an off-axis peak in the current density due to the bootstrap current.