# STEAM NETWORK SUPERSTRUCTURE{-}

Define the supestructure as STEAMNETWORK and provide a name for the ET.

```{rosmose}
! OSMOSE SUPERSTRUCTURE STEAMNETWORK steamnetwork_ss
```

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## Fluid selection {-}
Define the fluids list from which Osmose can choose the fluid during the optimization process. 

Fluids: 'water','R141b','R123','n-Butane','IsoButane','Ammonia','R12','R134a','n-Propane','R22','R1234yf','Propylene','R115','R32','Ethane','CarbonDioxide','R13','Ethylene','Methane'


```{rosmose}
: OSMOSE FLUID steamnetwork_ss

fluid >> water [-] # Fluid selected from the fluid list
```

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## Levels of pressure and layers of pressure and draw off  {-}

Define the related levels and layers of pressure and layers of draw off.

Pressure [bar]: Pressure levels of all units (headers, drawoffs, and condensation) in decreasing order, the last pressure level is considered as the condenser
layerofpressure [-]: Layers of pressure defined for each pressure level.
Temperatures [C]: Temperature levels of saturation (valid only for subcritical conditions), if pressures are not defined.
isturbine [-]: Binary variable specifying if a pressure level is also an inlet of a turbine, the first element of the table must always be 1.
issteam [-]: Binary variable specifying whether at the specified pressure level the steam can be produced, the first element of the table must always be 1.
superheatdT [C]: Superheating temperature above saturation. Last element of the table is the condenser and it is always 1.
layerdrawoff [-]: Layers of drawoff in case that steam is consumed as "mass" rather than "heat".


```{rosmose} 
: OSMOSE LEVELS steamnetwork_ss

|Parameter      |L1     |L2     |L3     |L4    |Unit |Comment                                                           |
|:--------------|:------|:------|:------|:-----|:----|:-----------------------------------------------------------------|
|Pressure       |30     |3      |1      |0.04  | bar |Pressure levels defined for the rankine cycle in decreasing order |
|layerofpressure|p1     |p2     |p3     |p4      | -   |Layer of pressure                                                 |
|Temperature    |1      |1      |1      |1      | C   |Temperature level, only if pressure is not defined (Optional)     |
|isturbine      |1      |0      |0      |0      | -   |Activate turbine at the respective level, for last level is zero  |
|issteam        |1      |0      |0      |0     | -   |Activate steam generation at the respective level                 |
|superheatdT    |200    |2      |2      |2    | K   |Superheating temperature difference                               |
|layerofdrawoff |droffp1|droffp2|droffp3|droffp4| -   |Layer of draw off for steam straction                             |
```

======================================================================================================================================

## Minimum temperature difference contribution and heat transfer coefficient of fluids {-}

DT[C]: Minimum temperature difference contribution (dtmin/2), which depends on the fluid state.

```{rosmose} 
: OSMOSE DT steamnetwork_ss 

|Parameter  |DT   |Unit  |Comment                                                                        |
|:----------|:----|:-----|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|gas        |15   |K     | Minimum temperature difference contribution related to the gas phase stream   |
|liquid     |5    |K     | Minimum temperature difference contribution related to the liquid phase stream|
|phasechange|2    |K     | Minimum temperature difference contribution related to the phasechange stream |
|global     |10   |K     | Minimum temperature difference contribution for the global scope              |
```

htc [kW/m2K]: Heat transfer coefficients for each fluid state. It follows the relation $DT=112.14/htc^{0.4913}$

```{rosmose}
: OSMOSE HTCOEFF steamnetwork_ss

|Type           |htc     |Unit   |Comment                                                           |
|:--------------|:-------|:------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------|
|gas            |0.06    |kW/m2K |Heat transfer coefficient related to the gas phase stream         |
|liquid         |0.56    |kW/m2K |Heat transfer coefficient related to the liquid phase stream      |
|condensing     |1.6     |kW/m2K |Heat transfer coefficient related to the condensing stream        |
|vaporising     |3.6     |kW/m2K |Heat transfer coefficient related to the vaporasing stream        |
```

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## Efficiency of the rotary machines {-}

eff_backpr_turb [-]: isentropic efficiency of backpressure turbine.
eff_cond_turb [-]: isentropic efficiency of condesing turbine.
eff_pump [-]: isentropic efficiency of pump.

```{rosmose}
: OSMOSE EFFICIENCY steamnetwork_ss

|Efficiency     |Value     |
|:--------------|:---------|
|eff_backpr_turb|0.90      |
|eff_cond_turb  |0.95      |
|eff_pump       |0.80      |
```

======================================================================================================================================

## Size constraints and costing of the steam network units{-}

Fmin [-]: Minimum load factors of the units of the superstructure provided in kW.
Fmax [-]: Maximum load factors of the units of the superstructure provided in kW.

```{rosmose}
: OSMOSE SIZING steamnetwork_ss

|Equipment      |Fmin |Fmax  |
|:--------------|:----|:-----|
|header         |0    |100000|
|drawoff        |0    |100000|
|turbine_drawoff|0    |100000|
|turbine_ext    |0    |100000| 
|pump           |0    |100000|
```

======================================================================================================================================

## Investment of the components of the steam network{-}

Inv1 [Eur/yr]: Fixed annualized investment cost of the units of the superstructure
Inv2 [Eur/yr/kW]: Variable annualized investment cost of the units of the superstructure

For pump it can be approximated by the cost function of centrifugal pump given by Turton et al. (2012) after linearized. For turbine, if steam turbine, use Bruno et al. (1998), else radial expander function by Turton et al. (2012).

1500*0.08 = 120
100*0.08 = 8

```{rosmose}
: OSMOSE COST steamnetwork_ss

|Equipment  |Inv1  |Inv2  |
|:----------|:-----|:-----|
|turbine    |150   |120   |
|pump       |50    |8     |
```

======================================================================================================================================

## Additional parameters of the superstructure{-}

layerofelec [-]: Define the layer of electricity.
layerofheat [-]: Define the layer of heat.
layerofmakeup [-]: Define the layer of makeup fluid. Add it in the Resource ET. 
subcooldT [C]: Negative value indicating the subcooling in the condenser
add_ext_turbine [-]: Binary variable to add extraction turbine

```{rosmose}
: OSMOSE PARAMS steamnetwork_ss

layerofelec >> ELEC [-] # Layer of electricity
layerofheat >> DefaultHeatCascade [-] # Layer of heat 
subcooldT >> -1.1 [K] # Subcooling temperature difference in the condenser, must be <= 0
add_ext_turbine >> 0 [-] # Binary variable to add extraction turbine
```

======================================================================================================================================

## Layer type  {-}

Define the layer type. It can be used as shown below by default
CAUTION: THESE TABLE NEED TO BE DEFINED IN THE LUA FILE BUT CAN BE OMITTED FROM THESE RMD FILE NAMELY IT CAN BE GIVEN BY DEFAULT

```{rosmose} 
: OSMOSE LAYERTYPE steamnetwork_ss

|LayerType  |BalanceType            | 
|:----------|:----------------------|
|electricity|ResourceBalance        |
|pressure   |ResourceBalanceQuality |
|drawoff    |ResourceBalance        |
|condensate |ResourceBalance        |
|makeup     |ResourceBalance        |
```

======================================================================================================================================
## Visualization of SteamNetwork Superstructure {-}
